Feature Articles
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Reduction of RFI for the Mobile User
Courtesy Phil M5BTB
Download as a .pdf file
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- Written by: Maintenance Guy
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Decibel to Power Conversion Chart for the Radio Amateur
| dBW | Watts | Watts | dBW | |
| 0 | 1.0 | |||
| 1 | 1.3 | 1 | 0.0 | |
| 2 | 1.6 | 2 | 3.0 | |
| 3 | 2.0 | 3 | 4.8 | |
| 4 | 2.5 | 4 | 6.0 | |
| 5 | 3.2 | 5 | 7.0 | |
| 6 | 4.0 | 10 | 10.0 | |
| 7 | 5.0 | 15 | 11.8 | |
| 8 | 6.3 | 20 | 13.0 | |
| 9 | 7.9 | 30 | 14.8 | |
| 10 | 10.0 | 40 | 16 | |
| 11 | 12.6 | 50 | 17.0 | |
| 12 | 15.8 | 60 | 17.8 | |
| 13 | 20 | 70 | 18.5 | |
| 14 | 25.1 | 80 | 19.0 | |
| 15 | 31.6 | 90 | 19.5 | |
| 16 | 39.8 | 100 | 20.0 | |
| 17 | 50.1 | 120 | 20.8 | |
| 18 | 63.1 | 140 | 21.5 | |
| 19 | 79.4 | 160 | 22.0 | |
| 20 | 100 | 180 | 22.6 | |
| 21 | 125.9 | 200 | 23.0 | |
| 22 | 158.5 | 240 | 23.8 | |
| 23 | 199.5 | 280 | 24.5 | |
| 24 | 251.2 | 320 | 25.1 | |
| 25 | 316.2 | 360 | 25.6 | |
| 26 | 398.1 | 400 | 26.0 |
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The Phonetic Alphabet
The NATO Phonetic Alphabet was developed in the 1950s to avoid the misunderstanding caused by poor radio acoustics where an S and an F for example are easily confused.
A - Alpha
B - Bravo
C - Charlie
D - Delta
E - Echo
F - Foxtrot
G - Golf
H - Hotel
I - India
J - Juliett
K - Kilo
L - Lima
M - Mike
N - November
O - Oscar
P - Papa
Q - Quebec
R - Romeo
S - Sierra
T - Tango
U - Uniform
V - Victor
W - Whiskey
X - X-ray
Y - Yankee
Z - Zulu
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The R-S-T system
The R-S-T system is used by amateur radio operators, shortwave listeners, and other radio hobbyists to exchange information about the quality of a radio signal being received. The code is a three digit number, with one digit each for conveying an assessment of the signal's Readability, Strength, and Tone.
For non-CW (non Morse code) signals, the Tone (i.e. last) digit is normally omitted.
Readability
R1 - Unreadable
R2 - Barely readable, occasional words distinguishable
R3 - Readable with considerable difficulty
R4 - Readable with practically no difficulty
R5 - Perfectly readable
Strength
S1 - Faint—signals barely perceptible
S2 - Very weak signals
S3 - Weak signals
S4 - Fair signals
S5 - Fairly good signals
S6 - Good signals
S7 - Moderately strong signals
S8 - Strong signals
S9 - Extremely strong signals
Tone
T1 - Extremely rough hissing note
T2 - Very rough AC note, no trace of musicality
T3 - Rough, low-pitched AC note, slightly musical
T4 - Rather rough AC note, moderately musical
T5 - Musically modulated note
T6 - Modulated note, slight trace of whistle
T7 - Near DC note, smooth ripple
T8 - Good DC note, just a trace of ripple
T9 - Purest DC note
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Informal use of the most common Q-codes
QRG - Frequency
QRM - Interference from other stations
QRN - Interference from atmospheric noise or from nearby electrical apparatus
QRO - High-power
QRP - Low-power
QRT - Close(d) down
QRV - Ready
QRX - Stand by
QSB - Fading
QSL - Verification card; confirm contact
QSY - Change frequency
QTC - Message
QTH - Location
QTR - Time
Note also: QTHR means: Address is correct in the current RSGB yearbook
